Tetrahydrofuran (THF): Mokokotlo o Feto-fetohang oa Mekhoa ea Lik'hemik'hale e Nepahetseng
Tlhahlobo e tebileng ea Thepa ea Fisik'hemik'hale
Meralo e Ikhethang ea Limolek'hule
Sebopeho sa THF se na le lesale la ether le potolohang le nang le athomo ea oksijene, e leng se etsang litšobotsi tse latelang tsa bohlokoa:
Polar Solvency: Motsotso oa dipole oa 2.75 D o nolofalletsa ho kopana ha haeterojene le limolek'hule tsa polar ha o ntse o rarolla metsoako e seng ea polar ka likamano tse hlahisitsoeng tsa dipole, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa karabelo.
Reactivity ea Ring: Lesale la ether le feta ho buleheng ha lesale le susumelitsoeng ke asiti, e leng se nolofalletsang liketso tse kang alkylation le polymerization. Reaction ena ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho kopanya li-polymer tse kang polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG).
Litšobotsi tsa 'Mele
Ho Tsitsisa Thempereichara: Kaha e bela ka 66°C mme e hoamisa ka -108.5°C, THF e dula e le metsi ho pholletsa le mocheso o pharaletseng, e loketse dikarabelo tsa mocheso o tlase le ditshebetso tse potlakileng tsa mouwane.
Matlotlo a ho Tsamaisa: Ho ba le viscous e tlase (0.55 mPa·s) le kgatello e phahameng ya bokahodimo (26.4 mN/m) di ntlafatsa bokgoni ba yona ba ho kolobisa, e leng sa bohlokwa bakeng sa ho hlwekisa le ho sebedisa dikobo.
Tlhokomeliso ea Tšireletso: E ka tuka haholo (ntlha ea flash -17.2°C) 'me e etsa metsoako e phatlohang le moea (1.8–12.4% vol), e hlokang mehato e tiileng ea thibelo ea mollo.
Likopo tsa Bohlokoa Liindastering Tsohle
Tlhahiso ea Polymer le Resin
Ho kopanya ha polyurethane (PU):
Tlhahiso ea PTMEG: THF ke thepa ea mantlha e tala bakeng sa ho kopanya polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), karolo ea bohlokoa e bonolo ho likhoele tsa spandex le thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Ho sebelisoa THF e fetang 90% lefatšeng ka bophara lefapheng lena, 'me tonne ka 'ngoe ea spandex e hloka lithane tse ka bang 0.8 tsa THF.
Likhomaretsi tsa PU: Ha li kopantsoe le DMF, THF e etsa likhomaretsi tse omang ka potlako, tse tiileng haholo bakeng sa lieta le kahare ho likoloi, e fana ka 35% ea lintho tse tiileng le 40% ea ho oma ka potlako ho feta litsamaiso tse hloekileng tsa DMF.
Li-resin tsa Epoxy le tsa Maiketsetso:
Jwalo ka motsoako o kopaneng mefuteng ya epoxy, THF e ntlafatsa ho se tshwane mme e fokotsa ho hlaka, e leng se nolofalletsang tshebediso e nepahetseng ya ho roala disebedisweng tsa elektroniki le tsa sefofane.
Khemistri ea Lintho tse Hloahloa le e Ikhethang
Likarabelo tsa Grignard:
THF e tsitsisa di-intermediate tsa organometallic (mohlala, RMgX) ka ho hokahanya le di-ion tsa magnesium, e eketsa chai ya karabelo ka 15-20% ha e bapiswa le diethyl ether. Mohlala: Ka hara tlhahiso ya ibuprofen, mehato ya Grignard e thehilweng ho THF e fihlella bohloeki ba ≥99.5% ka dihlahiswa tse ≤0.3%.
Li-electrolyte tsa Betri ea Lithium:
THF e ntlafatsa ho tsamaisa ha li-electrolyte tse thehiloeng ho lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) (≥10 mS/cm), e ntlafatsa bophelo ba potoloho ho feta makhetlo a 1,000 (ho boloka matla ≥85%) libetering tsa tšepe tsa lithium.
Makala a Theknoloji e Phahameng le a Khethehileng
Ho Hloekisa Semiconductor: THF e tlosa masalla a photoresist tlhahisong ea microelectronics, e leng se etsang hore tšilafalo ea ioni ea tšepe e be ≤10 ppb bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa sub-14 nm.
Ho kristaletsoa ha meriana: Ha e sebelisoa ho kristaletseng lithibela-mafu le li-steroid, litsamaiso tsa metsi a THF li hlahisa likristale tse tšoanang (50–200 μm) tse nang le bohloeki ba ≥99.9%.
Ho Ntša Sehlahisoa sa Tlhaho: Ka boikhethelo e qhala metsoako ea lipophilic (mohlala, CBD, paclitaxel) ka bohloeki bo phahameng ka 25% ho feta li-solvents tse seng tsa polar, ha e ntse e fokotsa ho senyeha ha mocheso ka ts'ebetso ea mocheso o tlase.
Litlhaloso
| Lebitso la Sehlahisoa | Asiti ea Propionic | |||||||||
| Foromo ea Lik'hemik'hale | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Boima ba limolek'hule | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ponahalo | Mokelikeli o bonaletsang o se nang 'mala | |||||||||
| Sebaka sa ho Qhibiliha | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Sebaka sa ho bela | 141.1℃ | |||||||||
| Botenya | 0.993 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| NOMORO EA CAS | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Khoutu ea HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Kopo | E sebelisoa polasetiking, meriana, lijong, li-solvents le li-perfume | |||||||||
Leqephe la Taolo ea Boleng
| Lebitso la Sehlahisoa | Asiti ea Propionic | ||||||
| NTHO | BOHLOKOA BO TLWAELEHILENG(%) | BOLEMO BA TEKO(%) | |||||
| Dikahare tsa Propionic Acid, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Botenya (20/20 ℃) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Sebaka sa ho Belisa/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Masalla a mouoane, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Metsi, w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| oxidization e bonolo, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Jwalo ka mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Qetello | Latela maemo a GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Mehopolo ea Polokeho le Liphetoho tsa Indasteri
Likotsi tsa Bophelo bo Botle le Tikoloho
Chefo: Ho hema ka bongata bo phahameng (>500 ppm) ho ka baka khatello ea CNS; ho pepesehela nako e telele ho ka ama ts'ebetso ea sebete/liphio. Ho hloka tšireletso ea ho hema (APF≥10) le liatlana tse hananang le lik'hemik'hale.
Tšusumetso Tikolohong: E ka bola mobung (halofo ea bophelo ≤matsatsi a 5) empa e chefo ho bophelo ba metsing (litlhapi tsa LC50=110 mg/L). Metsi a litšila a tlameha ho feta kalafong e tsoetseng pele (COD≤50 mg/L) pele a ntšoa.
Likarabelo tsa Taolo le tsa Botekgeniki
Mekhahlelo ea Bohloeki:
Indasteri (≥99%): Bakeng sa tlhahiso e akaretsang, ho dumella ≤0.5% metsi/aldehydes.
Elektroniki (≥99.9%): Li-ion tsa tšepe ≤1 ppb, tse lumellanang le SEMI C8 bakeng sa tšebeliso ea semiconductor.
Meriana (≥99.5%): E amohetsoe ke FDA, li-aldehydes ≤10 ppm bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meriana.
Ho Latela Melao ea Lefatše ka Bophara:
HO FIHLELA EU: Ho lekanyelitsoe linthong tse kopanang le lijo (phallo ≤0.05 mg/kg).
US OSHA: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m³), e hlokang tlhokomelo ea moea sebakeng sa mosebetsi.
Hobaneng o Khetha THF ea Rona?
Bohloeki bo sa Fetoheng: Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho qhibilihisa metsoako e meraro e hlahisa THF ea boemo ba elektroniki ka bohloeki ba 99.99%, ka mongobo oa ≤10 ppm le ≤1 ppm aldehydes, e netefatsang botsitso ba sehlopha ho sehlopha (phetoho ≤±0.02%).
Litharollo tse Ikhethileng: Metswako e etselitsoeng ho ba le metsi (50–1000 ppm), maemo a peroxide (≤10 ppm), le pH (5.0–7.0), joalo ka THF e nang le peroxide e tlase bakeng sa metsoako e bonolo ea meriana.
Thepa e Tsamaiswang ke Polokeho: Polokelo e koahetsoeng ka naetrojene le litsamaiso tsa lipalangoang tse sa phatloheng li netefatsa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng ho tloha tlhahisong ho isa phepelong.
Matla a Taolo: Ho latela melao ea SEMI, ACS le FDA lefatšeng ka bophara, ho tšehetsoa ke MSDS e ka fetoloang bakeng sa ho kena 'marakeng ka mokhoa o se nang mathata.
Ho Kopanela Bakeng sa Bokhabane ba Lik'hemik'hale
Tekanyo e ikhethang ea THF ea ho rarolla mathata, ho sebetsana le maemo, le ho ikamahanya le maemo ha ts'ebetso e e beha e le lejoe la motheo k'hemistring ea sejoale-joale. Boitlamo ba rona ba lihlahisoa tse hloekileng haholo, boqapi ba tekheniki, le ho latela melao ea tsamaiso bo matlafatsa bareki ba polasetiki, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le meriana ho khanna katleho ka boikarabello. Khetha THF ea rona ho notlolla ho nepahala, ts'ebetso le botsitso ts'ebelisong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe.