Bisphenol A (BPA): Mohahi oa Motheo oa Lisebelisoa tse Phahameng tsa Tshebetso
Tlhahlobo e tebileng ea Thepa ea Motheo ea Fisik'hemik'hale
Sebopeho se Ikhethang sa Limolek'hule: Molek'hule ea BPA e entsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tsa phenolic hydroxyl tse hokahaneng le masapo a propane. Sebopeho sena se e fa ts'ebetso e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale. Lihlopha tse peli tsa phenolic hydroxyl li fa BPA nucleophilicity e matla, e e nolofalletsang ho arabela ka metsoako e fapaneng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, masapo a propane a fa molek'hule tekanyo e itseng ea ho tiea le tšitiso ea steric, e susumetsang khetho le ts'ebetso ea BPA liketsong tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Thepa ea 'Mele: BPA e na le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ea 158 - 159°C, ntlha ea ho belisa e phahameng ho fihlela ho 400.8°C, le boima ba hoo e ka bang 1.195g/cm³. Libaka tsa eona tse phahameng tsa ho qhibiliha le ho belisa li netefatsa botsitso ba eona tlas'a mocheso le khatello e tloaelehileng, ha boima ba eona bo loketseng bo bapala karolo maemong a ts'ebeliso a hlokang boima bo itseng ba thepa, joalo ka ho lokisoa ha polasetiki le li-resin tse itseng, moo litšobotsi tsa boima ba BPA li ka amang thepa ea 'mele le ts'ebetso ea ho bopa lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela. E qhibiliha hanyane ka har'a carbon tetrachloride, ha e qhibilihe ka metsing, empa e qhibiliha ka har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea li-solvents tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhaho, 'me tšobotsi ena ea ho qhibiliha e khetholla ts'ebetso ea eona ea karabelo le mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa li-solvent.
Foromo ea Tlhahlobo ea Boleng bakeng sa Bisphenol A
| Setsebi | Yuniti | Tlhaloso | Sephetho | Mokhoa oa Teko |
| Ponahalo | / | E tšoeu e nang le matheba kapa e nang le matheba, Ntle le litšila tsa mechini | Bosweu bo bosweu, Ntle le ditshila tsa mechini | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Bisphenol A | Ka hare/% | ≥99.85 | 99.925 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Phenol | Ka hare/% | ≤0.005 | 0.001 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| 2,4-Isomere | Ka hare/% | ≤0.050 | 0.01 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Ntlha ea kristale | °C | ≥156.6 | 157.2 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Chroma e qhibilihisitsoeng | 'Mala, Pt-Co (Yuniti ea Hazen) | ≤20 | 10 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Tharollo ea Chroma | 'Mala, Pt-Co (Yuniti ea Hazen) | / | 5 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Mongobo | Ka hare/% | ≤0.08 | 0.02 | GB/T 6283-2008 |
Likopo tsa Bohlokoa Masimong a Mangata
Tlhahiso ea polasetiki le resin:
Tlhahiso ea Polycarbonate (PC): BPA ke thepa ea mantlha e tala bakeng sa ho kopanya polycarbonate (PC). Polycarbonate e hlahella masimong a mangata ka lebaka la ho pepeseha ha eona ho hoholo ha optical (phetiso ea leseli ho feta 90%), khanyetso e phahameng ea tšusumetso (makhetlo a 250 - 300 ho feta khalase e tloaelehileng), botsitso bo botle ba litekanyo, le khanyetso ea mocheso (mocheso o sothang mocheso ho fihlela ho 130 - 140°C). Indastering ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le motlakase, PC e sebelisoa haholo ho etsa likheo tsa lik'homphieutha, lifono tsa cellular le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki, tse sa faneng feela ka tšireletso e tšepahalang bakeng sa likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa kahare empa hape li ntlafatsa tlholisano ea 'maraka ea lihlahisoa ka lebaka la ponahalo ea tsona e ntle le sebopeho se setle. Indastering ea likoloi, PC e sebelisoa ho etsa likoahelo tsa mabone a koloi, liphanele tsa lisebelisoa le likarolo tse ling. Phetiso e phahameng ea mabone a likoloi e netefatsa khanya ea ho khanna bosiu, ha botsitso ba likarolo tsa liphanele tsa lisebelisoa bo tiisa kopano e nepahetseng le ts'epo ea tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea likarolo. Lefapheng la kaho, diphanele tsa letsatsi tse entsweng ka PC, dikhanopi tsa mabone, le dihlahiswa tse ding di sebediswa haholo mehahong ya setjhaba jwalo ka mabenkele a maholo le mabala a dipapadi ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha tsona kgatello e ntle le ho fetisa lesedi, ho etsa dibaka tse kganyang le tse bolokehileng tsa kahare.
Ho Kopanya Epoxy Resin: BPA le yona ke monomer ya bohlokwa bakeng sa ho lokisa di-resin tsa epoxy. Di-resin tsa epoxy di na le kgomarelo e ntle mme di ka kopanya ka thata dintho tse fapaneng tse kang ditshipi, lehong le khalase, kahoo di na le boemo ba bohlokwa tshimong ya kgomarelo. Indastering ya difofane, di-glue tse thehilweng ho epoxy di sebediswa bakeng sa dikarolo tsa sebopeho sa difofane tse kopanyang ho netefatsa botshepehi le polokeho ya sebopeho sa sefofane tlasa maemo a rarahaneng a ho fofa. Ka nako e ts'oanang, di-resin tsa epoxy di na le kganyetso e ntle ya dikhemikhale le thepa ya ho thibela ho bola mme di sebediswa haholo disebedisweng tsa ho paka tsa elektroniki le dikobo. Mohlala, diboto tsa potoloho disebedisweng tsa elektroniki hangata di kwahetswe ka di-resin tsa epoxy ho sireletsa dikarolo tsa elektroniki ho tswa kgoholehong ya tikoloho ya kantle le ho ntlafatsa botsitso le bophelo ba tshebeletso ya disebediswa tsa elektroniki. Karolong ya ho kwahela, di-glue tsa epoxy resin di sebediswa bakeng sa tshireletso ya bokahodimo ba tshepe, e ka hanelang ka katleho kgoholeho ya dintho tsa dikhemikhale tse kang di-acid le di-alkali mme ya lelefatsa bophelo ba tshebeletso ya dihlahiswa tsa tshepe.
Litšebeliso tse ling tse ntle tsa lik'hemik'hale:
Ho Kopanya Dintho Tse Sireletsang Mollo: Dintho tse thibelang mollo tse kang tetrabromobisphenol A di ka etswa ho tswa ho BPA. Ho eketswa ha dintho tse thibelang mollo ho bohlokwa haholo diindastering tse kang dihlahiswa tsa polasetiki le masela. Dihlahisweng tsa polasetiki, dintho tse thibelang mollo di ka fokotsa ho tuka ha thepa ka katleho. Ha di pepesehetse mohloding wa mollo, kgase e bolang e sa tjheseng kapa lera la carbonaceous le hlahisitsweng ke dintho tse thibelang mollo di ka thibela phetiso ya oksijene le mocheso mme tsa thibela ho ata ha ho tuka. Mohlala, ho eketsa dintho tse thibelang mollo dikoting tsa polasetiki tsa dihlahiswa tsa elektroniki le tsa motlakase ho ka fokotsa kotsi ya mollo haholo mme ha sireletsa maphelo a batho le thepa. Dinthong tsa masela, tshebediso ya dintho tse thibelang mollo e ka etsa hore diaparo di se ke tsa tjha ha di kopana le mohlodi wa mollo mme tsa fokotsa kotsi e bakwang ke ho tuka ha diaparo mollong.
Li-antioxidant le Li-Heat Stabilizer: BPA e ka sebelisoa e le antioxidant le stabilizer ea mocheso lihlahisoa tse ling tsa polasetiki le rabara. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea polasetiki, lintlha tse kang mocheso o phahameng le oksijene li lebisa habonolo ho tsofaleng le ho senyeha ha polasetiki, li ama ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso. Joaloka antioxidant, BPA e ka hapa li-free radicals tsamaisong ea polasetiki, ea thibela phetiso ea liketane tsa liketso tsa oxidation, le ho liehisa ts'ebetso ea botsofali ba polasetiki. Ka nako e ts'oanang, joalo ka stabilizer ea mocheso, BPA e ka ntlafatsa botsitso ba polasetiki libakeng tse nang le mocheso o phahameng le ho thibela polasetiki ho bola, ho fetoha 'mala, le mathata a mang nakong ea ts'ebetso kapa ts'ebeliso. Lihlahisoa tsa rabara, BPA e ka boela ea bapala karolo e ts'oanang, ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mocheso le oksijene botsofaling ba rabara le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ba lihlahisoa tsa rabara tse kang mabili a likoloi le litiiso tsa rabara.
Liqabang tsa Polokeho le Likarabo tsa Indasteri
Ho Batlisisa Likotsi Tsa Bophelo: BPA e na le chefo e itseng e tlase 'me e ka falla le ho fetoha tikolohong le 'meleng oa motho. Palo e kholo ea lithuto e bontšitse hore BPA e na le litlamorao tse kang estrogen 'me e ka sitisa tsamaiso ea endocrine ea motho. Haholo-holo bakeng sa masea, nts'etsopele ea sistimi ea bona ea ho ikatisa e ka angoa, e leng se lebisang mafung a amanang le tsamaiso ea ho ikatisa. Ka nako e ts'oanang, BPA e ka boela ea baka ho hanyetsa insulin, e leng se lebisang mathateng a bophelo bo botle joalo ka tsoekere e phahameng ea mali le botenya. Liteko tse ling tsa liphoofolo li bontšitse hore liphoofolo tsa liteko tse pepesehetseng BPA ka nako e telele li na le nts'etsopele e sa tloaelehang ea litho tsa ho ikatisa le liphetoho tsa boitšoaro. Le hoja lipatlisiso mabapi le tšusumetso ea BPA bophelong ba batho li ntse li tsoela pele, linaha tse ngata li nkile mehato ea ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea BPA lihlahisoa tse itseng ka lebaka la matšoenyeho mabapi le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle.
Maano a Indasteri le Nts'etsopele ea ho Latela Melao: Ka lebaka la likhang tsa polokeho tsa BPA, linaha tse ngata le libaka lefatšeng ka bophara li hlahisitse melaoana e amehang ka tatellano ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea eona. Ka 2011, Lefapha la Bophelo la Chaena le mafapha a mang a tšeletseng a ile a fana ka thibelo ea tšebeliso ea BPA tlhahisong, ho rekiseng le ho rekiseng libotlolo tsa lebese la masea. Linaha le libaka tse kang United States, Canada, le European Union le tsona li thibetse tšebeliso ea BPA ka tatellano liphuthelong tsa lijo, lihlahisoa tsa masea le masimo a mang. Ha li tobane le litlhoko tsena tsa taolo, indasteri e ntse e hlahloba ka mafolofolo mekhoa e meng e ka nkang sebaka sa BPA, joalo ka bisphenol S (BPS) le diphenyl sulfone. Ka nako e ts'oanang, likhoebo tsa tlhahiso li ntse li ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso khafetsa le ho matlafatsa taolo ea boleng ho fokotsa palo ea ho falla ha BPA le ho fihlela maemo a thata a taolo le litlhoko tsa bareki bakeng sa polokeho ea sehlahisoa ka lebaka la ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa. Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea polycarbonate le epoxy resins, likhoebo li ntlafatsa sekhahla sa phetoho ea BPA le ho fokotsa BPA e setseng e sa arajoang lihlahisoa ka ho ntlafatsa maemo a karabelo le ho ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa catalyst.
Litlhaloso
| Lebitso la Sehlahisoa | Bisphenol A | |||||||||
| Foromo ea Lik'hemik'hale | C₁₅H₁₆O₂ | |||||||||
| Boima ba limolek'hule | 228.29 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ponahalo | Phofo e tšoeu ea kristale | |||||||||
| Sebaka sa ho Qhibiliha | 155–158°C | |||||||||
| Sebaka sa ho bela | 250–252°C | |||||||||
| NOMORO EA CAS | 80-05-7 | |||||||||
| Khoutu ea HS | 29072990 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201-240-4 | |||||||||
| Kopo | E kopanya li-plasticizer, lintho tse thibelang malakabe, meriana; e sebelisoa ho lipente/likhomaretsi. | |||||||||
Leqephe la Taolo ea Boleng
| Lebitso la Sehlahisoa | Bisphenol A | ||||||
| NTHO | BOHLOKOA BO TLWAELEHILENG(%) | BOLEMO BA TEKO(%) | |||||
| Bisphenol A Bohloeki bo phahameng. | Bonyane 99.85 | 99.93 | |||||
| 'Mala oa APHA | Boholo ba 5 | 5 | |||||
| Phenol mg/kg | Boholo ba 100 | 56 | |||||
| Phenol wt. % ea mahala | Boholo ba 1000 | 230 | |||||
| Boima ba metsi % | Boholo 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
| Molora mg/kg | Boholo ba 5 | 0 | |||||
| Tšepe mg/kg | Boholo 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
Hobaneng o Khetha BPA ea Rona?
Re ikemiselitse ho fana ka lihlahisoa tsa BPA tsa boleng bo holimo le tse tsitsitseng tse sebetsang hantle. Khokahano e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha ho rekoeng ha thepa e tala ho ea tlhahisong le ts'ebetsong e latela litsamaiso tse thata tsa taolo ea boleng ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa li na le bohloeki bo phahameng, litšila tse fokolang, 'me matšoao ohle a fihlela maemo a holimo a indasteri. Re na le sehlopha sa litsebi sa R&D se ka fanang ka litharollo tse ikhethileng ho latela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa bareki ho thusa bareki ho fihlela boqapi le nts'etsopele masimong a kang polasetiki, li-resin le lik'hemik'hale tse ntle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, re na le bokhoni bo sebetsang ba taolo ea ketane ea phepelo ho netefatsa phepelo e nakong le e tsitsitseng ea lihlahisoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bareki ba bangata ba tlhahiso. Boemong ba indasteri ba likhang tsa polokeho ea BPA, re ela hloko ka mafolofolo matla a taolo, re tsetela khafetsa mehloling ea R&D, 'me re khothaletsa ntlafatso e tala le e sireletsehileng ea lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso ho fa bareki lihlahisoa tse lumellanang le tse tšepahalang.
Khetha BPA ea rona, sebelisanang 'moho ho etsa liphetoho tse tsoelang pele lefapheng la lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle, tobanang le liphephetso, le ho theha boleng bo boholo.