Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): Thepa ea Bohlokoa e nang le Chefo e Tlase le Bokhoni bo Phahameng bakeng sa Khemistri e Tšoarellang
Thepa ea Fisik'hemik'hale le Temohisiso ea Limolek'hule
Melemo ea Sebopeho
Chefo e Tlase: Ka LD₅₀ (ka molomo, rat) ea 6400 mg/kg, DMC e sireletsehile haholo ho feta metsoako ea setso ea methylation (mohlala, dimethyl sulfate, LD₅₀ = 140 mg/kg), e latela molao oa EU REACH mabapi le litšila tse sa feleng tsa tlhaho.
Reaction: Ho sebetsa hape ha lintho:
Methylation: Sehlopha sa methoxy (−OCH3) se nolofalletsa phetiso e bolokehileng ya sehlopha sa methyl, se nkela sebaka sa mekhoa e meng e chefo.
Kabonelo: Sehlopha sa carbonyl (−CO−) se thusa phapanyetsano ea ester le aminolysis, se tšehetsa tlhahiso ea polycarbonates e se nang phosgene.
Solvency: Ka dielectric constant ea 3.1, DMC e kopana hantle le alcohols, ketones, le li-ester, ha e ntse e qhibiliha hanyane ka metsing (1.6 g/100 mL ho 20°C).
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa 'Mele
Boemo ba ho belisa ba DMC ba 90.5°C bo etsa hore e lokele dikarabelo tsa mocheso o mahareng le ho hlaphoheloa ha solvent, e hlokang matla a ka tlase ho 30% ho feta ditshebetso tse thehilweng ho benzene. Viscosity ya yona e tlase (0.664 mPa・s) e ntlafatsa ho phalla ha dikopo tse kang di-electrolyte tsa betri ya lithium, ha enthalpy ya mouoane ya 363 kJ/kg e netefatsa sekgahla se itekanetseng sa ho omisa bakeng sa dikobo le dikhomaretsi. Hlokomela: Sebaka sa yona sa ho phatloha (3.1–20.5% vol) se hloka ditsamaiso tsa moya tse thibelang ho phatloha (tse thibelang ho phatloha).
Likopo tse fapaneng tsa indasteri
Mekhoa e Mecha ea ho Etsa Lintho ka Tsela e Tala
Tlhahiso ea Polycarbonate (PC):
Mokhoa o se nang Phosgene: DMC e arabela le bisphenol A (BPA) ka transesterification ho hlahisa diphenyl carbonate (DPC), e ntan'o fetoloa hore e be PC. Mokhoa ona o eketsa katleho ea athomo ho 92% (ha ho bapisoa le 65% bakeng sa litsela tsa setso tsa phosgene) mme o felisa lihlahisoa tse chefo.
Tshebetso ya Sehlahiswa: Di-resin tsa PC tse hlahang di fana ka phetiso ya lesedi ya ≥90%, mocheso wa ho sotha mocheso wa 135°C, le matla a ho ama a 10% ho feta PC e tswang ho phosgene, e sebediswang dikheseng tsa elektroniki le dikoahelong tsa mabone a koloi.
Meriana le Lik'hemik'hale tsa Temo:
Likarabelo tsa Methylation: E nka sebaka sa dimethyl sulfate ho kopanyeng meriana ea pelo le methapo ea mali (mohlala, nifedipine) le meriana ea ho tepella maikutlo (mohlala, sertraline), e ntlafatsa chai ka 15-20% ka methanol e le eona feela sehlahisoa se latelang.
Ditshebediso tsa Carbonylation: E sebediswa tlhahisong ya carbaryl (dibolaya-dikokwanyana) ho qoba ho bola ha HCl, ho fokotsa ditjeo ka 25%.
Matla a Macha le Lisebelisoa
Li-electrolyte tsa Betri ea Lithium:
Ha e kopantsoe le ethylene carbonate (EC) le ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), DMC e hlahisa li-electrolyte tse leka-lekaneng tse nang le conductivity ea ionic ho fihlela ho 1.2 mS/cm. Sena se eketsa bophelo ba potoloho ea betri ho fihlela makhetlo a 1,200 (ho boloka matla ≥85%), ho fihlela Molao oa Libetri oa EU (2023/0051) bakeng sa chefo e tlase. E se e ntse e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea libeteri tsa Tesla tsa 4680.
Lisebelisoa tse bolang:
Ha e kopantsoe le propylene oxide ho etsa polypropylene carbonate (PPC), thepa e thehiloeng ho DMC e monya 40% CO₂ mme e senyeha nakong ea likhoeli tse 6-12, e sebetsana le litšila tsa polasetiki ka har'a lijana tsa tafole tse sebelisoang hanngoe le lifiliming tsa temo.
Liaparo le Likhomaretsi
Ditharollo tse Sireletsang Tikoloho: E nkela toluene/xylene sebaka penteng tsa OEM tsa dikoloi, e fihlella boleng ba VOC ≤50 g/L (ka tlase ho maemo a GB 24409-2020). Nako ya ho omisa e fokotswa ho dihora tse 2, ka thatafalo ya filimi e fihlang ho 2H.
Likhomaretsi tse se nang Formaldehyde: Li sebelisoa ho tlameng phanele ea thepa ea ka tlung, likhomaretsi tsa polyurethane tse thehiloeng ho DMC li na le formaldehyde e sa lefelloeng ≤0.01 mg/m³ (E0 grade), e leng se thusang IKEA ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha formaldehyde ka lithane tse fetang 500 selemo le selemo.
Melemo ea Tikoloho le Liphephetso tsa Tekheniki
Lintlha-khōlō tsa Botsitso
Moruo oa Atomiki: Lihlahisoa tse ling tse kang methanol li ka sebelisoa hape ka ho qhibilihisa, e leng se fokotsang mojaro oa COD metsing a litšila ka 70% ha ho bapisoa le lits'ebetso tsa setso.
Ho Tshwarwa ha Khabone: Motswako wa PC o seng wa phosgene o fokotsa kgatello ya khabone ka 45%, ha tone e nngwe le e nngwe ya DMC e hlahiswang e ja ditone tse 0.6 tsa CO₂ ho tswa kgase ya flue ya feme ya motlakase, e tshehetsang CCU (ho tshwarwa le ho sebediswa ha khabone).
Meeli ea Boiqapelo
Phokotso ea Litšenyehelo: Mokhoa oa ho kopanya CO₂ ka kotloloho (o sebelisang li-catalyst tse thehiloeng ho methanol, CO₂, le Pd) o fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala ka 30%, 'me fektheri ea liteko ea Sinopec e fihlella tlhahiso ea boholo ba kiloton.
Litharollo tsa ho Hloeka ho Fetisisa: Theknoloji ea karohano le ho monya ha lera e fihlella DMC ea boemo ba elektroniki ka li-ion tsa tšepe ≤1 ppb le bohloeki ≥99.999%, e fihlela maemo a SEMI C87 bakeng sa ho hloekisa ha semiconductor.
Logistics e Sireletsehileng: DMC e kentsoeng ka har'a microcapsulated (e koahetsoeng ka likhetla tse nyenyane tsa SiO₂) e phahamisa ntlha ea flash ho 60°C, e netefalitsoeng ke TÜV Rheinland bakeng sa polokeho ea lipalangoang.
Litlhaloso
| Lebitso la Sehlahisoa | Asiti ea Propionic | |||||||||
| Foromo ea Lik'hemik'hale | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Boima ba limolek'hule | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ponahalo | Mokelikeli o bonaletsang o se nang 'mala | |||||||||
| Sebaka sa ho Qhibiliha | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Sebaka sa ho bela | 141.1℃ | |||||||||
| Botenya | 0.993 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| NOMORO EA CAS | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Khoutu ea HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Kopo | E sebelisoa polasetiking, meriana, lijong, li-solvents le li-perfume | |||||||||
Leqephe la Taolo ea Boleng
| Lebitso la Sehlahisoa | Asiti ea Propionic | ||||||
| NTHO | BOHLOKOA BO TLWAELEHILENG(%) | BOLEMO BA TEKO(%) | |||||
| Dikahare tsa Propionic Acid, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Botenya (20/20 ℃) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Sebaka sa ho Belisa/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Masalla a mouoane, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Metsi, w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| oxidization e bonolo, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Jwalo ka mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Qetello | Latela maemo a GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Hobaneng o Khetha DMC ea Rona?
Matla a Mane a Bohlokoa
Tiisetso ea Bohloeki:
Ts'ebetso ea rona e tsoelang pele ea transesterification ka distillation e meraro e fana ka DMC ea maemo a indasteri (≥99.5%) le ea maemo a elektroniki (≥99.99%), ka methanol ≤100 ppm. Khese: Moreki oa betri ea sebelisang DMC ea rona o fihletse katleho ea 98.7% ea ho ntša tjhaja ea pele (karolelano ea indasteri ea 95%).
Bokhoni ba ho iketsetsa:
Litharollo tse entsoeng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa boleng ba asiti (≤0.001 mgKOH/g), mongobo (≤50 ppm), le li-peroxide (≤5 ppm). Mohlala, re hlahisitse DMC ea asiti e tlase haholo (0.0005 mgKOH/g) bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meriana e nang le asiti.
Mohlala oa Moruo o Selikalikoe:
Lihlahisoa tse ling tsa Methanol li sebelisoa hape ho ba syngas (CO+H₂) bakeng sa tlhahiso ea DMC, li fihlella katleho ea thepa ea 95% le ho fokotsa mesi ea CO₂ ka lithane tse 3 ka tonne ea DMC. Liphutheloana tsa litšila li hloekisoa ka CO₂ ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea 95%.
Ho Latela Melao ea Lefatše ka Bophara:
E lumellana le GB/T 1628-2020, ASTM D7056, le JIS K 1551. Li-label tsa GHS tse ikhethileng le MSDS li fihlela litlhoko tsa libaka (mohlala, India BIS, Brazil INMETRO), tse nolofalletsang ho tlosoa ha thepa ka har'a lekeno lihora tse 72.
Ho Bula Bopula-maliboho ba Khemistri e Tsitsitseng
Dimethyl Carbonate e fetola diindasteri ka litšobotsi tsa eona tsa "tse se nang chefo, tse sebetsang hantle, le tse ka sebelisoang hape". Re itlama ho lits'ebetso tse ncha le litharollo tse nang le khabone e tlase, re fana ka tšehetso ea ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong ho tloha lisebelisoa tse tala ho ea lits'ebetsong. Ho khetha DMC ea rona ho bolela ho sebelisana le botsitso—moo lerotholi le leng le le leng le susumetsang phokotso ea tšilafalo, ts'ebeliso e ntle ea matla, le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, hammoho ho aha bokamoso ba lik'hemik'hale tse tala.